Animal care
Herd health and welfare on the dairy: self-assessment, scoring tools, heat stress and the handling of sick or injured cattle.
- Evaluating dairy welfare on the farm: what a self-assessment covers
The six areas an on-farm dairy welfare evaluation looks at — management, health care, facilities, feed and water, handling and calves — and how to turn the findings into action.
- Heat stress in dairy cows: signs, thresholds and cooling in a California summer
Why lactating cows feel heat long before people do, how the temperature-humidity index is used, and how shade, fans and soakers are combined on California dairies.
- Scoring cards for the dairy: hygiene, locomotion and body condition
How three simple, repeatable scores — leg and udder hygiene, locomotion and body condition — are taken on a dairy, what the scales mean and how to use the results.
